Technology & Science
Material World
Ed Conway
Ed Conway's "Material World: A Substantial Story of Our Past and Future" explores the surprising and profound impact of essential materials on human civilization. The book delves into the history, economics, science, and technology surrounding six key substances: sand, salt, iron, copper, oil, and lithium. Each material is examined in detail, revealing its multifaceted nature and its critical role in shaping our past, present, and future. Readers will embark on a journey through time and across industries, discovering how these materials have influenced everything from ancient societies to modern technological advancements and green energy transitions. The book promises to illuminate the hidden connections between these fundamental elements and the course of human history, offering a new perspective on the world around us. By exploring the extraction, properties, and significance of each material, "Material World" provides a comprehensive understanding of their impact on global geopolitics, environmental sustainability, and the future of our planet.
The Story of the Human Body
Daniel Lieberman
"The Story of the Human Body" is a sweeping evolutionary history written by Daniel Lieberman, chair of the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard. It answers a fundamental question: If natural selection is so powerful, why are we so prone to chronic disease? Lieberman argues that while we have evolved to be upright, endurance-adapted survival machines, we are currently living in an environment for which we were never designed. This concept is known as the "Mismatch Hypothesis." Lieberman explains that our bodies are adapted for the Stone Age—a life of scarcity and intense physical activity. However, cultural evolution (farming, industry, and technology) has moved faster than biological evolution. We now inhabit a world of super-abundant calories and sedentary comfort. The result is a plague of "dysevolution"—diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis that are rare in hunter-gatherer societies but rampant in the modern world. We evolved to crave sugar and conserve energy because those traits once ensured survival; now, they ensure illness. The Story of the Human Body is a lucid, scientific guide that argues we must change our environment, not just our habits, to align with our evolutionary legacy.
The Selfish Gene
Richard Dawkins
"The Selfish Gene" is a landmark work of science writing that permanently altered our view of evolution. Written by ethologist Richard Dawkins, it asserts that the fundamental unit of natural selection is not the species or the individual, but the gene itself. Dawkins argues that living organisms, including humans, are essentially clumsy "survival machines" built by gene colonies to ensure their own propagation. From this perspective, behaviors that seem altruistic are actually successful strategies for gene survival. For instance, an individual might sacrifice itself to save relatives who carry copies of the same genetic code, ensuring the survival of the genes even if the specific "vehicle" perishes. The book is also famous for introducing the concept of the "meme" to explain human culture. Dawkins proposes that ideas, tunes, and catchphrases replicate and evolve in a pool of human minds much like genes do in the biological pool. Lucid and powerful, The Selfish Gene remains a pivotal text for understanding why life behaves the way it does.
Being You
Anil Seth
"Being You" is a radical new theory of consciousness proposed by Anil Seth, one of the world's leading neuroscientists. Seth challenges the intuitive belief that our brains work like video cameras, passively recording the world around us. Instead, he argues that the brain is a "prediction machine" and that our entire reality is a "controlled hallucination." Seth posits that we do not perceive the world as it is, but as our brain expects it to be. Our sensory organs merely provide error correction for the brain's internal best guesses. When these hallucinations agree with reality, we call it perception; when they don't, we call it hallucination. Central to his theory is the concept of the "Beast Machine." Seth argues that consciousness is not software running on a computer-like brain, but a biological phenomenon deeply rooted in the body's drive to stay alive. Our experiences of "self"—and emotions—are fundamentally linked to interoception (sensing the internal state of the body). Being You offers a biological basis for human experience, suggesting that we are conscious not in spite of our animal nature, but precisely because of it.
Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
Robert M. Sapolsky
"Behave" is a magisterial synthesis of human behavior, written by Stanford neurobiologist and primatologist Robert Sapolsky. It attempts to answer a single, massive question: Why do we do the things we do? Sapolsky rejects the idea that any single factor—be it a gene, a hormone, or a childhood trauma—can explain our actions. Instead, he offers a nuanced, multifactorial explanation rooted in the phrase: "It depends." The book is structured as a reverse-chronological journey through time. To explain a specific behavior (like pulling a trigger or touching an arm), Sapolsky looks at what happened in the brain one second before (neurobiology), what happened minutes before (sensory cues), hours before (hormones), and years before (adolescent development). He continues peeling back the layers to centuries past (cultural ancestors) and millennia past (evolutionary pressures). By connecting these disparate threads, Behave dismantles simplistic ideas about "nature vs. nurture." It is a humorous, humane, and incredibly dense exploration of violence, altruism, and the biology of "Us vs. Them," ultimately arguing that while our biology constrains us, it does not condemn us.
Chip War
Chris Miller
A gripping exploration of the high-stakes battle for semiconductor supremacy between the United States and China, revealing how chips have shaped geopolitics, the global economy, and the balance of military power. From the Cold War origins of Silicon Valley to the cutting-edge foundries of Taiwan, discover the intricate supply chains and strategic decisions that have made semiconductors the world's most critical technology. It is a geopolitical thriller masquerading as a history of technology. Written by economic historian Chris Miller, the book argues that the modern world is not built on steel or oil, but on silicon. It frames the semiconductor industry as the central battlefield in the rivalry between the United States and China. Miller traces the history of the microchip from the early days of Silicon Valley to its current status as the most complex manufacturing process humanity has ever achieved. He highlights the extreme fragility of the global supply chain. The entire world relies on advanced chips that can only be produced by a single company, TSMC, located on the vulnerable island of Taiwan. Furthermore, the machines required to print these chips are made exclusively by the Dutch company ASML. The book explains how the United States lost its manufacturing dominance while retaining control over the critical software and tools used to design chips. Miller asserts that this control allows the US to weaponize the supply chain, cutting off adversaries from computing power. "Chip War" is a sobering look at how a tiny piece of silicon determines the balance of military power and the future of the global economy.
Supersizing the Mind
Clark, Andy
Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension by Andy Clark is a landmark work in cognitive science and philosophy of mind that challenges the idea that thinking is confined to the brain. Instead, Clark argues that our minds are deeply integrated with our bodies, our actions, and the world around us, including the tools and technologies we use. Clark shows how traditional cognitive theories have often ignored the role of bodily interaction and environmental context in shaping thought. Drawing on research from psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and robotics, he builds a sustained case for what is known as the extended mind—the idea that aspects of the physical and social environment actively participate in cognitive processes rather than merely providing input to an isolated brain. This book provides both a comprehensive survey of contemporary work in embodied and situated cognition and a bold philosophical argument for rethinking the boundaries of the mind. Supersizing the Mind is essential reading for anyone interested in how thinking, action, and environment interconnect to produce intelligent behavior.
Lost Moon
Jim Lovell
Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger is the gripping true story behind one of NASA’s most dramatic space missions. Told by Apollo 13’s commander and a seasoned journalist, the book takes readers from the routine preparations for what should have been America’s third moon landing to the moment when an explosion aboard the spacecraft turned the mission into a desperate struggle for survival. Lovell and his crewmates—Jack Swigert and Fred Haise—were more than 200,000 miles from Earth when a critical failure crippled their oxygen and power systems. Stranded in space with dwindling resources, the astronauts and NASA’s ground team in Houston worked against the clock, improvising solutions to bring the crew safely home. Lost Moon combines technical insight with vivid firsthand narrative, offering both an insider’s view of life aboard a crippled spacecraft and the tension-filled efforts on Earth that made the mission’s safe return possible. The book inspired the acclaimed 1995 film Apollo 13 and stands as a testament to human ingenuity, courage, and teamwork under extreme pressure.